ordinary negligence
Lack of ordinary diligence; the failure to use ordinary care. • The term is most commonly used to differentiate between negligence and gross negligence. [Cases: Negligence 232.]
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ordinary negligence
ordinary negligence 普通过失；一般过失 指缺乏普通注意〔ordinary care〕，亦即缺乏一般人或合理谨慎的人在相同情况下所采取的注意，从而构成的过失。有过失的人应对此承担法律责任，该词最常用以区分过失与重大过失〔gross negligence〕，后者是指明显缺乏注意。 (→negligence; ordinary care)
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degree of negligence
degree of negligence. One of the varying levels of negligence typically designated as slight negligence, ordinary negligence, and gross negligence. See NEGLIGENCE. [Cases: Negligence 272–276. C.J.S. Negligence §§ 88–113.] “Although the common law concept of degrees of negligence has been criticized or repudiated in many jurisdictions, the usefulness of the view at common law that
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culpable negligence
culpable negligence 应受惩罚的过失；有责过失；负有罪责的过失 有主张认为，此种过失类似于普通过失〔ordinary negligence〕，即行为人未能以一个理智的、谨慎的和诚实的人的行为标准而有所为或不为。另有主张认为，此种过失超过了普通过失，即对他人生命安全的漠视，或者故意引起不合理的危险而对他人可能导致致命后果的漠视。如在《劳工赔偿法》〔Workmen’s Compensation Act〕中，在因非僱员本身的过失而要求的赔偿中，实际上这一「应受惩罚性」指「恶意的、严重的滥用职权」。在美国，多数司法管辖区认为该术语表示比普通过失更为严重的过失，而足以成为承担民事责任的依据。只有个别司法管辖区将其等同为普通过失。
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slight negligence
The failure to exercise the great care of an extraordinarily prudent person, resulting in liability in special circumstances (esp. those involving bailments or carriers) in which lack of ordinary care would not result in liability; lack of great diligence.
degree of negligence
One of the varying levels of negligence typically designated as slight negligence, ordinary negligence, and gross negligence. See NEGLIGENCE. [Cases: Negligence 272–276. C.J.S. Negligence §§ 88–113.]
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culpa
culpa (k[schwa]l-p[schwa]). [Latin] 1. Roman & civil law. Fault, neglect, or negligence; unintentional wrong. See NEGLIGENCE. Cf. DILIGENTIA; CASUS (1); DOLUS(1). 2. Roman law. Conduct that made a party to a contract, or quasi-contract, liable to the other party. lata culpa (lay-t[schwa] k[schwa]l-p[schwa]). [Latin “grave fault”] Gross negligence amounting to bad fath (dolus). • This
guest statute
guest statute. A law that bars a nonpaying passenger in a noncommercial vehicle from suing the host-driver for damages resulting from the driver’s ordinary negligence. • Though once common, guest statutes remain in force in only a few states. — Also termed automobile-guest statute. Cf. FAMILY-PURPOSE RULE . [Cases: Automobiles 181. C.J.S. Motor Vehicles §